A meta description is a short page summary (about 150-160 characters) that Google shows under the title in search results. It does not affect rankings directly, but it decides whether someone clicks your site or the one next to it.
Picture a Google results page as a shelf of books. The title is the name, the description is the blurb on the back. People read it in a second and decide whether to open it. A good description lifts your click rate even when you are not in first place.
Say plainly what the page gives the reader, and add a reason to click. Fit the important part into the first 150 characters - Google trims the rest. Do not reuse the same description across pages: each one should describe its own page.
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